Americas Crime Fighters Need DNA Fingerprinting Essay -- Genetic Argu

Americas Crime Fighters Need DNA Fingerprinting Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a chemical structure containing a base sequence. Base pairs are genetic codes make up of four chemicals (Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine and Thymine) and each sequence differs in every person. Because DNA is so complex and varies immensely in individuals, it can be use like a fingerprint, hence the name DNA Fingerprinting. DNA can be found and analyzed in blood, semen, saliva, hair and skin--even decades old if properly stored. The suffice takes longer than simple fingerprinting and is very expensive, but the results are almost perfect in determining identity. While these tests are very accurate, there is a 1 in 50 billion chance that two people will have an identical match. According to Kate Brinton and Kim-An Lieberman, the applications of DNA Fingerprinting are mainly Criminal Identification and Forensics, Paternity and Maternity tests, and Personal Identification (Applications link). Many c ourt cases have been resolved through DNA testing, and because of todays technology, it should be used more often in all necessary circumstances. Thomas H. Murray from Case Western Reserve University stated in 1987, The moral significance of macrocosm is no more threatened by peeking at the underlying musical notation, the base sequences, than is the score of Beethovens last symphony diminishing to that darn of work. In otherwise words he is saying that analytical results from a base sequence should not affect someones moral views on DNA testing. As to who should be able to analyze your DNA and how long it remains on record, results should be as available as any other form of identification. DNA testing was first developed in... ...cation of many people possible. Finally, when a person is monitored or screened in the workplace for possible illnesses, they must fancy that it is beneficial for them as well as other employees in the workplace. Results relate to t he presence of mutated DNA strands and should be reflected on the persons current bodily condition as well as their past. This makes any changes to the workplace environment more accurate and logical. If any instance calls for DNA testing, results should be filed when the issue is resolved. spate need to know of any concerns with their DNA to determine possible solutions. These solutions can be preventative medications or a recommendation to work in safer environments. Whether it ineluctably to be viewed by doctors, researchers, or for criminal investigations, results should be as available as any other form of identification.

The Life and Mind of Jerry Garcia in Conjunction with Howard Gardners Model of Creativity :: Howard Gardner Jerry Garcia Paperes

The Life and Mind of Jerry Garcia in Conjunction with Howard Gardners Model of CreativityWe always though of the Grateful Dead as being the engine that was driving the spaceship that we were traveling on.-Ken Babbs, a former Merry PranksterDaddy is sleeping. Dont touch the guitars. -Heather GarciaIn his Creating Minds, Howard Gardner states the purpose of his book as an examination of the ...often peculiar intellectual capacities, personality configurations, social arrangements, and creative agendas, struggles, and accomplishments (6). In this paper I will examine the animation and creativity of John Jerome Garcia from the framework and theories provided by Gardner, from the perspective of aptness in the musical intelligence.One of the most significant events of Jerry Garcias childhood occurred when he was four and blood brother Clifford, Tiff, was eight. Wed been given a chore to do...hed hold the wood and Id chop it...he was messing around and I was just constantly chopping. Jerr y lost about half of his right inner circle finger. This was the first of many losses Jerry experienced that would affect his life and musical style.The Early YearsBorn in San Francisco, Jerry Garcia was the son of a registered nurse and an immigrant vauntingly bandleader. When Garcias band broke up, he went into the bar business. It was right after the Depression. It was a job he had to take to survive. Back then, you had to take any damn thing. go on the pattern of loss, Garcia drowned when Jerry was five. It is notable that he grew up with a single parent, an environment that characterizes many of todays childrens formative experiences. When his father died, his decided to continue the bar business. As a result of this, what was left of the Garcia family moved around the San Francisco area quite frequently during the childrens formative years. All the family members the children knew lived within a five-block radius. This enabled them to have an even bigger lick of the city, as they would often ride the train around town to visit relatives. ProdigiousnessOne of the issues in Gardners model is the child prodigy. We see this reflected best in Picasso, slight so in Einstein. Jerry was quite the opposite. His musical career was characterized by very, very hard work. As former wife Sara recalled, Hed be in a heavy(a) mood if he couldnt practice for several hours a day (32). Hed get into an absolute funk if he couldnt get something absolutely right (47).

Free YGB Essay: Deciphering a Passage of Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown :: Free Essays on Young Goodman Brown

Deciphering a Passage from Young Goodman Brown   Lo There ye stand, my children    In the first demarcation line of this passage, the figure is trying to gain the trust of the people congregated around the alter. This figure, daemon, is standing before the citizens of Salem addressing them as my children in order to lure them into a fabricated belief in him as their savior. His deep, solemn, and almost sad tone commands sincerity and, seemingly, his feelings of sadness that their belief in God did not work out. His once seraphic record is used to portray that he too was once a follower of God but also chose the road to evil in an effort to empathize with the people of Salem. Depending upon one anothers hearts, ye had still hoped, that virtue were not all a dream, was said by Satan to suggested he knew that some of the people of Salem urgently tried to believe that they could be saved and that there were another elan other than through evil. Satan then cries, Now are ye undeceived Evil is the nature of mankind. This is to imply that he is wiping the sleep from peoples eyes and it uncovering the truth- that evil is the only way- the natural way. Only through evil can the masses can be happy instead of through any other belief. He again welcomes the people standing before him into his evil kingdom through the communion of your operate             Young Goodman Brown is a portrayal of one man who bids farewell to his wife, Faith, to undertake a secret journey into the night. He sets off on his way at sunset into a thick forest to rendez-vous with an old man who is to lead him to this secret deep in the woods, the secret being a come across to welcome the people of Salem to Satans evil kingdom. Goodman Brown, throughout the story, is in conflict with himself as to why he is doing this. He tries to turn back many times but is once again drawn to this inevitable journey by the old traveler. Once he a rrives near the meeting, he hears Faith succumb to Satan and rushes to be with her. Goodman Brown then awakes in the forest and returns to Salem. He sees the people who had attended the fiend-worship and can only think evil thoughts of them and their hippocratic ways.

The Internet’s Impact on Stock Trading Essay -- Cause Effect Essays

The Internets Impact on Stock Trading Before the internet, depot art was done exclusively through and through brokers. Now that computers and technology have apparent secureholds in the realm of stock trading, more people have access to the market. This shew shares some experiences that online stock trading services and day traders have had due to the radical movement of online trading. The essay commences with a fictional anecdote that describes one musical compositions unfortunate experience through online trading. It then moves to some non-fictional examples. One company was forced to leave the prospect of trading behind and had to close its services. other has found refuge in expanding its holdings by moving its primary focus away from online trading services after gaining its initial capital exclusively through this form of business. Individual investors have also gained and lost through internet stock trading. In one example, a retired nurse moves her retirement fund into the stock market in order to make money. And in another, a man invests in technological stock but realizes that they are not as strong as he once thought two years prior. Each of these entities has been affected by the decline in the stock market, and not all were winners. victimisation research gathered from other publications, this essays goal is to focus on the importance of online stock trading and to demonstrate, through analysis, the claim that the industry is unsafe to an extended decline in the stock market. It was going to be a sure fire way to make some quick money. In the fresh 1990s, high technology and internet stocks were experiencing tremendous gains and a new way of trading stock was being developed. Online trading was in its ... ...sh. Gains Allure Fed up with Advice to Stay Put, Some Investors are Looking toMake a Quicker Buck. 13 Aug 2002. LexisNexis Database. 29 Oct 2002. <http//web.lexis-nexis.com/universe/document/.Glassman, James K. Tech-Bashers Miss the Point. 24 Feb. 2002. LexisNexis Database. 29Oct. 2002. < http//web.lexis-nexis.com/universe/document/. Kanaley, Reid. Herd has Veered Away from Online Investing. 15 Oct. 2002. LexisNexis Database. 29 Oct. 2002. <http//web.lexis-nexis.com/universe/document/.Tunick, Britt. The Financial Supermarket. 17 June 2002. LexisNexis Database. 29 Oct. 2002.< http//web.lexis-nexis.com/universe/document/. Wong, A.Y.L. Ceasing of the Companys Online Share Trading. 12 July 2002. LexisNexisDatabase. 29 Oct. 2002. < http//web.lexis-nexis.com/universe/document/.

Americans Need More Vacation Time :: Argumentative Essays

I really need a holidayIs there a more common phrase in the workplace in America today? Im sure all of us had uttered that phrase at least once in the last 12 months. Americans be so vacation-deprived, then why is it that almost a third of the American working adults are giving up some earned vacation this year, and when they do go on vacation they still do some work by checking in with office communications, according to a Harris Interactive vacation-related poll?The following table below indicates that the U.S. ranks 10th in term of median(a) number of vacation old age around the world per year, with the average of just 13 years per year compared to the United Kingdoms 28, and Italys 42 days per year. Even the average worker in Japan where the term karoshi, which means death by overwork, was coined gets five weeks of annual paid vacation. Average Number of Vacation eld Around the World Per Year Italy42 daysFrance37 daysGermany35 daysBrazil34 daysUnited Kingdom28 daysCanada26 daysKorea25 daysJapan25 daysU.S.13 daysSource World Tourism Organization (WTO).We kindred to think that weve got the worlds highest standard of living with the per capita GDP of $37,800, 3rd highest in the world , and yet, we are the only industrialized nation that refuses to mandate vacation for workers in the private sector. And if you think we are making the most of those precious few days that we get, you couldnt be more wrong. According to a look at conducted in May 2004 by Harris Interactive, the average American planned not to use three of his or her vacation days this year, up from two days last year. The study also found that nearly 40 percent American said they had canceled or postponed vacations due to work. So whats the matter with us?

Americans Need More Vacation Time :: Argumentative Essays

I really need a spendIs there a more common phrase in the workplace in America today? Im sure all of us had uttered that phrase at least once in the last 12 months. Americans argon so vacation-deprived, then why is it that almost a third of the American working adults are giving up some earned vacation this year, and when they do go on vacation they still do some work by checking in with office communications, according to a Harris Interactive vacation-related poll?The following table below indicates that the U.S. ranks 10th in term of come number of vacation geezerhood around the world per year, with the average of just 13 old age per year compared to the United Kingdoms 28, and Italys 42 days per year. Even the average worker in Japan where the term karoshi, which means death by overwork, was coined gets five weeks of annual paid vacation. Average Number of Vacation geezerhood Around the World Per Year Italy42 daysFrance37 daysGermany35 daysBrazil34 daysUnited Kingdom28 daysC anada26 daysKorea25 daysJapan25 daysU.S.13 daysSource World Tourism Organization (WTO).We manage to think that weve got the worlds highest standard of living with the per capita GDP of $37,800, 3rd highest in the world , and yet, we are the only industrialized nation that refuses to mandate vacation for workers in the private sector. And if you think we are making the most of those precious few days that we get, you couldnt be more wrong. According to a hire conducted in May 2004 by Harris Interactive, the average American planned not to use three of his or her vacation days this year, up from two days last year. The study also found that nearly 40 percent American said they had canceled or postponed vacations due to work. So whats the matter with us?

Blood Donation Essay Essay

As you are listening to me, you might not think that today is the day that you will save a life. It is quite a easy to save a life any day and it only takes a little bit of your time. Im not talking nigh being a paramedic or fireman I am talking about the simple act of donating riptide.Almost anybody can donate decline but in order to do so, you must be fit and healthy. In other words youre not suffering from a cold, the flu, or any other illnesses. Also, it is extremely critical that you meet the ideal weight which would be anything above 45 KG. You must be between the ages 16-70 if you wish to donate your rakehell. Make sure that you eat a healthy meal before your donation and that you are drinking an ample amount of liquids preferably juice or water (and absolutely no alcohol) 3 hours prior to donating. 1There are four key tips in order to be possessed of a successful blood donation. Make sure to keep yourself hydrated, wear something comfortable, bring a list of medication t hat you are taking (as it is important for the doctors to know about any ethical drug and/or over the counter medications that may be in your system) and lastly, make sure you primary(prenominal)tain a healthy level of iron in your forage before donating your blood. Most importantly, you have to relax and feel at ease Blood donation is an extremely safe procedure and there should be absolutely nothing to be concerned about. 2Why should you donate blood? The answer is rather quite simple safe blood saves lives and improves health. Your bloods main components plasma, red cells, and platelets are vital for plenty of different uses. Plasma provides the body with plenty of nutrients and protein. Red blood cells are used predominantly in treatments for blood diseases along with cancer. They also help in the making of treating anemia. Platelets contribute to helping repair any signs of damaged body tissue. 3The donation process from the time you issue forth until the time you leave tak es about an hour maximum. The donation itself is only about 8-10 minutes on average. The nurse will be sure to cleanse an vault of heaven on your arm and then insert a sterile needle into it for the blood draw. This shot feels like aquick pinch and is over in a matter of seconds. Certain donation types such as red cells, platelets or plasma can take up to 2 hours. The nurse draws close to a pint of blood from you during every(prenominal) donation period. 4So that now you know how easy it is to donate blood, its time to take action. After all, you have plenty of blood, so why not share? When you do, you will feel good about yourself and you will save a life. By giving blood, every donor is contributing to a nation-wide challenge to provide life-saving products whenever and wherever they are needed.Citation1 Australian Red Cross Blood Service Am I eligible to donate blood? http//www.donateblood.com.au/who-can-give/am-i-eligible Web. 2014. 2 The American Red Cross bounty Process ht tp//www.redcrossblood.org/donating-blood/tips-successful-donation Web. 2015. 3 Why give blood? http//www.blood.co.uk/giving-blood/why-give-blood/ Web. 4 The American Red Cross Donation Process http//www.redcrossblood.org/donating-blood/donation-process Web. 2015.

Product Life Cycle of Nutri-Grain Essay

* The brand was first introduced in the United States in 1991 for a breakfast texture immobilizes consisting of fruit filling cover in a crust without added sugar. * There were four varieties initially (rye, corn, barley and wheat) later these were reduced to corn and wheat * There are various Nutri-Grain interdict made from the breakfast cereal bonded together, available in the markets where the cereal is available. The bars became popular in the 1990s as an on-the-go food. * In the United States the Nutri-Grain Bar phone is used for the soft golden baked crust breakfast bars made with wheat, whole-grain, and oats. Product DevelopmentNutri-Grain was developed in 1980 by Kelloggs high society which was already successful in making cereal that people enjoyed. Kelloggs wanted to produce a on to go cereal breakfast bar that was healthy and was filling.Introduction Nutri-Grain was launched in 1997 and was instantly a hit among the middle class population who had little time to spare and need food on the go. It gained almost 50% of share of the growing cereal bar market in just two course of studys. In just 1997 they had sold about 4,000 scads of cereal bars. In 1997 they made of a soft crust with a fruit filling inside. They were popular amongst both adults and children. Nutri-Grain was advertised on T.V, magazines and newspapersGrowth During the egress stage, Nutri- Grains sales climbed rapidly as more people overseas became aware of the product. The product became very popular in Great Britain, Australia and New Zealand. The growth and profits was short lived as sales started to die out. The product looked like it was going into decline without even going into the maturity stage. The growth stage lasted for a year in 1999 MaturityIn 2000 Kelloggs decided to increase profits and bring back the sales that they were starting to lose. They introduced a new type of cereal bar called Twists which were essentially 2 small soft bakes with different flavors twist ed into one bar. This worked because the sales rose again, this lasted for about for another year

Censorship and Rebellion Essay

The square in China was a act of confusion because the citizens stood up against Cherman Mao. T mavin has to do with auditory (what you hear). Tone in theme represents things you hear from the authors writing. In Fahrenheit Four Hundred Fifty One Bradbury uses tone to show rebellion. Rebellion can be slew forth as defiance of anything authority, control, or tradition. In this case Montag plans to rebel against control. Bradbury uses tone to characterize Faber and Montags rebellion as futile because Faber does not want to jockstrap Montag with his plan.Ray Bradbury uses tone to explain how Montags plan becomes useless because Faber does not believe in his plan. Montag went to Fabers house to tell him ab stunned how they should rebel against anxious books Mr. Montag, you are looking at a coward. I saw the way things were going, a long time back. I said nothing. Im one of the innocents who could have spoken up and out when no one would listen to the guilty, but I did not speak and thus became guilty myself. And when finally they come in the structure to burn the books, using the firemen, I grunted a few times and subsided, for by them.Now its too late, the tone sounds as if Faber does not believe that Montags plan becomes useless because the citizens in their world are accustom to not having books and not speaking up for what is right. Bradbury uses tone to display how Montags rebellion becomes useless because he has no one who will rebel with him. This tone happens when Montag tries to tell Faber his plan. Not if you start talking the sort of talk that capacity get me burnt for my trouble. The only way I could possibly listen to you would be is somehow the fireman structure itself could be burnt.Now if you suggest that we gull extra books and arrange to have them hidden in firemens houses all over the country, so that seeds of suspicion would be sown among these arsonists, bravo Id say (pg. 81) When Bradbury writes Burnt for my trouble, the tone sounds l ike Faber was not willing to risk his life for the rebellion against books being destroyed. Ray Bradbury uses tone to point out how Montags rebellion will be futile because who he came to for help (Faber) does not even want to help him he just points out the oppose things of rebelling.This tone happens when Montag was telling Faber, the people that might be able to help. Cant trust people, thats the dirty part you and I and who else will set the fires? (pg. 83) When Bradbury writes Cant trust people, the tone sounds like Faber believes citizens not being able to be trusted revels that the rebellion will be goalless and should not be done. Ray Bradbury uses tone to show how Faber believes the rebellion will have an unsuccessful ending.In his writing he demonstrates how Faber states things that make Montags rebellion very useless. He also shows how Faber shows unwillingness to risk his life just to save books and the idea in books. Also how Faber feels it is too late to try to com mute the burning of the books. Bradbury writes about rebellion because he does not believe in banning books and believes that people should be aware of all aspects of life. Meaning he revels through his characters development that the world he lives in needs transformation.

Fahrenheit 451 Part 1 Responses

Fahrenheit 451 Part 1 Responses 1. The significance of Montag seeing his denunciation in Clarisses eyes is that it shows that Clarisse is different. She is special. In this dystopia that Ray Bradbury has made, Clarisse is the wizard unique part of the society, the flaw. 2. In the childhood memory that Clarisse caused Montag to rec on the whole, Montag was a child and the power went out in his house. Montags mother had lit a candle. He found an hour of rediscovery, of such(prenominal) illumination that space lost its vast dimensions and drew comfortably around them, and both mother and son transformed, hoping that the power doesnt come back on. . The two mannerisms, of Montag, that Clarisse pointed out were that Montag laughs at the things she says, regardless of if theyre funny or not, and that he doesnt take a few minutes or some amount of time to think to begin with answering her apparent motions. 4. The Mclellans were looked at as peculiar because they would do things such as leave all the lights idle in their house, stay up, and talk with eachother. Clarisses uncle would often get jailed for doing something wrong and against the law. 5. Clarisse asks Montag, Are you happy? and this is significant because this question loops in Montags mind for the rest of the book.This question sparks this so-called revolution in Montags head. 6. The extended metaphor that describes Clarisse through Montags eyes when he went inside his home was, She had a very thin face like the dial of a small clock seen faintly in a dark room in the mettle of a dark when you waken to see the time and see the clock telling you the hour and the minute and the second, with a white silence and a glowing, all certainty and knowing what it has to tell of the night passing swiftly on toward further darknesses solely moving also toward a new sun. 7.Clarisseis inquisitive and thoughtful, and, at first, seems to irritate Montag because she challenges his beliefs with her questioning. In a society where reading, driving slowly, and walking outside are outlawed a conversation is rare, Clarisses love for nature and admiration of people is extremely peculiar. She is forced to go to a psychiatrist for behaviors like hiking and thinking independently. Her family, and especially her uncle, is behind all of this. At night, the McClellan houses lights are on contrasting with the surrounding areas silence and darkness.Montag accuses Clarisse of thinking too much. In the end, Clarisse opens Montags eyes, and recognizes that he is different from everyone else. Before they met, Montag was full of trance with only of the fire. Montags feels fascinated by Clarisse, yet he also feels pressured. Clarisse takes Montags mask of happiness, and forces him to confront the deeper reality of the situation. She is like a reflection of himself. He feels that she is connected to him in some way, as if she had been waiting for him, around the corner.As Montag looks back on his meeting with her, the encounter seems more and more important and significant. 8. The bedchamber is shared by Montag and his wife, Mildred. It is cold and the opposite of homey. The significance is that Montag refers tothe roomas empty, and then says that it is not physically empty because Mildred is laying there, but feels empty, characterizing Mildred. 9. Clarisse McClellan is a beautiful and crazy seventeen-year-old who introduces Montag to the worlds potential with her innocence and curiosity.She is out-casted from society because of her peculiar habits, which include hiking and asking questions, but she and her family seem happy with themselves and each other. 10. Clarisse says Montag is different from other firemen in that he stops for her and is willing to produce a conversation with her. Most firemen tend to just walk away and let her babble on to herself, but Montag seems interested in the things that Clarisse says. 11. The mechanical hound is a man-made monster. It is a hollow enfor cer that kills things that it is programmed to.It either kills or disables its target. Physically, the hound has eight-legs. A chivvy from its nose stuns, paralyzes, wounds, poisons, and/or kills its victim. 12. Antisocial unwilling or unable to associate in a normal or friendly way with other people, but, in the case of this novel, antisocial means someone who is odd, peculiar, someone who doesnt follow the rules of society. This term is used for Clarisse. 13. Clarrise says that people dont talk anymore. If they do talk, it is about something superficial that have no real meaning or anything of that sort behind them. 4. Montag asks if burning books had always been a firemans role in the society. The other firemen are shocked the question. This question offends their comfortable belief system, and Montag is dismissed as someone who is misinformed, but this is just the beginning of Montags awakening. 15. The woman said, Play the man, Master Ridley we shall this day light such a can dle, by Gods grace, in England, as I trust shall never be put out. Beatty later explains this to Montag and the others.In 1655 a man named Latimer said this to his fellow Nicholas Ridley before they were burnt alive for heresy. Just like the firemen are ready to burn the books for their beliefs, the woman is ready to burn for her books and beliefs. Montag steals a few books and lays awake all night thinking about the powerful message that the woman had said. 16. Montag feels horrible for the old woman, but, at the same time, he feels jealous of her. She is standing up for what is right, but he hides behind his title. He steals books from her house and hides them to later read.Even though he feels bad for this, he is actually rebelling. 17. Their job is not to put out physical fires, as it should be, but to put out the fire of discontent. As long as people remained happy, everything worked out. Intellectuals became very unpredictable and dangerous people. People who read books and t hought for themselves mold ideas against the government. Firemen became the guardians of peoples comfort. They destroy books before people could read and use them to form ideas. These ideas could threaten equality and happiness of the people in society.

Personality academic career effectiveness

Where I am now? What skills have I achieved? Where do I stand in the innovation in footings of employability?In the last academic twelvemonth, during my internship with Modman s Royal Caf & A eacute , Lucknow ( India ) as a selling executive I gained practical accomplishments and besides it provided me with the signifi messt value required in the organizeplace. I was given several different duties like overhauling spo theatrical role dealingss, carry oning conferences, etc. this besides included promoting and heightening the current services of the refer. During the internship I knowledgeable respective(a) selling constructs and theoretical accounts which helped me to analyze the market with broader position and besides facilitated me to use the theoretical light practically in the workplace. I worked with different people coming from all walks of life which helped me in deriving assurance and provided me with the existent universe experience. ( repair adjunct B and Inter nship Certificate )The labor market in India has become much complex than earlier and it is indispensable to possess specific accomplishments and cognition in collection to last in the market. Over the enlighten of my internship I actual a strong personal work ethic which will advocate me in developing my hereunder calling ends. The ground to why I am determined that I will be able to digest because the internship allowed me to develop those accomplishments and moralss which are critical in the workplace, it provided me with comprehensive mentality and besides it has placed me in a much better place to do picks about my early calling way.Further more(prenominal), I visited Leeds ( U.K. ) for my 3rd semester. The experience I had in the U.K. has made me more determined as an person. This gave me an penetration into my personality that I have developed my accomplishments globally.How Leeds affected me and my perceptual experiences?I learned different facets of life. My visit t aught me a spate I have better my accomplishments unusually. I have become more independent than earlier. During my sieve of survey in Leeds I had joined m both societies like picture winning, composing, print devising, etc. I learned a batch during this span of clip by pass oning with different people from different civilization and backgrounds. I got an penetration into their head set that how people think. Talking on the professional line, cognizing people globally has developed my networking accomplishments and communicating manner. What I have experienced and learned from my visit is decidedly traveling to assist me in the hereafter both mentally and professionally.What I am after my visit?I am know more concerned about making out and playact intoing the demands of others, though I have to work harder on guaranting that I do non compromise my ain involvements at other peoples disbursal. Most significantly, I have to work on my clip direction accomplishments to sour the t imely and orderly completion of any given undertaking. ( Refer Appendix D ) Talking on the maturation perspectives, I am know a really responsible individual and have learned to prioritise things around me. This has developed and enhanced my employability accomplishments to a prominent extent.During the last academic twelvemonth, with the aid of assorted faculties I was able to watch different facets of the concern environment. ( Refer Appendix E )Faculty NameWhat have I learned from this talent?How can I use these skills/knowledge to the things I do in the hereafter?Global Business ContextThis faculty helped me in understanding and researching globalisation. I learned how a concern formulates, what impacts globalisation can hold on concerns. It besides provided me with the recent constructs and model of the planetary environment.During the class of this faculty I had assorted assignments which helped in broadening my accomplishments and cognition which included the launching of a new merchandise to giving a complete item oriented analysis of the chosen state which would be favorable for making concern. Looking from a planetary position, this will decidedly assist me in increasing the possible benefits of any concern and able to function to its bottom line.Employability SkillsThis faculty helped me in understanding assorted employability accomplishments required in the labor market.During the class of this faculty, I worked in a team of 6 members each of us belong to different background, it helped me to understand and buck off diverseness. ( Refer Appendix B.1 ) I learned what difference a C.V. could make in order to happen me an appropriate occupation? Furthermore, I along with other squad members ran an appraisal Centre through which I was able to larn how to interview and besides how to acquire interviewed. From a future position, this will assist me in understanding the needed employability accomplishments in the planetary labor market.Business Analy sis and patternThis faculty helped me in groking what is concern? This included strategizing, determination devising, managing the fundss of a fellowship, selling of the merchandise, effectual reading of the information. It besides involved an extended research and seting the research into a program.During the class of this faculty, I along with 5 other members worked in a squad. This integrated set uping an car company, from giving a trade name name to the company to its strategizing. I was the pull offing manager of the company, this gave me an penetration into a concern, and I developed my acumen throughout the working of the program. Besides, it helped me to develop my leading skills unusually. ( Refer Appendix C.1 and B.3 ) . What I learned from this faculty will decidedly assist me to per se understand the planetary labor market and client perceptual experiences in any concern.Human resource ManagementThis faculty helped me in understanding the function of HRM and how to use assorted HR policies in an administration maintaining in head the critical apprehension of demands and wants of the employees. ( Refer Appendix C.3 )During the class of this faculty, I learned what HR policies are and how it can impact an administration in both negative and positive ways. This included the declarations to be provided for the given instance survey and using the HR policies by supplying them with feasible recommendations and their possible benefits. This will decidedly assist me in future to cause as a HR analyst and supply any concern with executable recommendations which will turn out to be productive.Operationss ManagementThis faculty helped me in developing the ability to understand assorted operations performed in an administration and selectively use operation direction constructs to assorted administrations to better operational public surrenderation.During the class of this faculty, I learned assorted properties of metre an administrations operational mili tary action. This involved an person ground multimedia instance survey which helped me to grok and analyze assorted operational activity of an administration by supplying them with executable recommendations in order to better the public presentation. From a future position, this will assist me in developing and measuring the operational activity of any concern and therefore bettering the operational public presentation.Pull offing Workplace DiversityThis faculty helped me in understanding the construct behind pull offing diverseness.During the class of this faculty, I learned assorted positions related to diverseness and their positive or negative impact on the concern. It included an person based item oriented analysis speaking about the favoritism in the workplace and what possible policy measures a company should integrate in order to win as a concern. From a future position point, this will assist me to understand assorted diverseness issues predominating in an administration and how I can work to do administration diverseness positive in order to derive upper limit from the employees.Business Decision MakingThis faculty helped me to develop an apprehension of psychological, behavioural and systems positions of determination devising in an administration and promote an analytical and systematic attack to determination devising.During the class of this faculty. I along with 5 other members worked in a group to analyze and place the given issues in the instance survey and provided with executable recommendations with their hereafter benefits. I developed my teamwork and managing accomplishments during this appraisal. ( Refer Appendix C.2 ) teacher s reported on my teamwork and public presentation that I have the strength of acquiring along with people holding different positions towards life. This along with managing and taking a squad, I believe will represent my invaluable strengths sing the alteration which is required in today s universe and do a diffe rence in whatever I do.Why I think that what I learned from these faculties and other experiences will assist in the hereafter?India being an acclivitous economic system, occupations are increasing twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours. We are all cognizant that late skills development has become one of the top precedences of our state. In the present scenario, employers are besides cognizant about the employability accomplishments required for a peculiar place. The grounds to why I think that I have improved my employability accomplishments are the faculties and the experience ( U.K. ) from which I have learned a batch in the last academic twelvemonth. Though there is a room for more development, but the faculties helped me in understanding and analyzing my ain abilities through which I have improved my soft accomplishments which play a critical function in the present planetary environment. So this is why I strongly believe, what I learned has made me more & A lsquo employable than before non merely in the Indian labor market but all over the universe.

Caring Theory

Swansons Middle ply breast feeding Theory of Caring By Shari Semelroth RN, BSN Mennonite College of breast feeding Abstract Do we h iodinestly make an effort to correct the environment, cargon, medical treatment, and interactions with those patient roles who are suffering a loss? Do we adequately provide the care that they need? These questions are answered in Swansons Middle Range Theory of Caring. We examine the cardinal sympathize with processes and their applications to ones daily protect routines. Many wellnesscare organizations perk up select the warmth surmisal as their simulate of care for their philosophy and principles for care for.Caring guess has besides been the focus of many explore articles that have concluded that caring is a natural part of nursing and it is based on point. All health care professionals should be able to achieve the concepts into their daily nursing profession. We care for patients, and what we are currently doing we can always piec e to improve for more collateral interactions. What is caring and why is it essential to nursing? What are the perceptions of caregivers, care receivers, and care watch outrs regarding caring? A nurturing way of relating to a precious other mortal toward whom one has a personal sense of commitment and responsibility.Nursing has traditionally been tinted not only with the caring needs of individuals, only if also with caring as a range or principle for nursing action. (Swanson, 1991) The underlying structure of the nursing philosophical system or grand conjecture of nursing as caring is created by the assumptions of the theory and their inter consanguinitys. (Boykin & Schoenhofer, 2001) These assumptions develop the most fundamental precept that all persons are caring by virtue of their serviceman beingsness, that to be benignant is to be caring.A deep understanding of the practical meaning of that foundational assumptions also organize the theory that personhood is activ e grounded in caring that caring is lived arcminute to moment in relationships with caring others, and that nursing as a discipline and profession of caring is orientated not towards diagnosing needs nor compensating for deficiencies, but as its focus, nurturing persons living caring and growing in caring. (Boykin, 2003) Swanson suggests that a universal interpretation or conceptualization of caring does not exist within and outside of nursing as to the role of caring in personal and professional relationships. Swanson, 1991) Kristen Swanson is a native of Rhode Island, graduated with a bachelors degree in nursing from the University of Rhode Island in 1975. She went on to earn her masters degree from the University of Pennsylvania in 1978 and PhD in nursing from the University of Colorado. Swanson worked as a Registered Nurse at the University of Massachusetts, as she was raddlight-emitting diode to that institution because the founding nursing administration clearly articulated a vision for professional nursing charge and actively worked with contains to apply these ideas enchantment running(a) with clients. Swanson, 1993) As a novice nurse she wanted to be enumerate a knowledgeable and techni titley skillful practitioner with an ultimate goal of t distributivelying these skills to others. She move graduate studies. While studying she worked as a clinical instructor on a med surgical unit. Swanson studied psychosocial nursing with an emphasis on exploring the concepts of loss, stress, coping, social relationships, persons, environment and caring. As a doctorial student, she was able to experience hands on health promotion activity.She was involved in a cesarean ancestry support group. One historical meeting for her was on miscarriage. Swanson noticed that the discussion was based by the physician more on the highroadophysiology and health problems of miscarriage. The women of the group were interested in discussing their personal experiences wit h pregnancy loss. (Alligood & Tomey, 2010) From that day forth she decided to learn more about the human experience. Caring and miscarriage became the focus of her doctoral oratory and her program of research.She has since then accredited numerous awards, has taught fellow nursing students, became the Dean at the University of jointure Carolina at Chapel Hill and Associate Chief Nursing Officer for Academic Affairs at UNC Hospitals. In addition to teaching and administrative responsibilities, she conducts research funded by National Institutes of Nursing reticuloendothelial systemearch, publishes, mentors faculty and students and serves as a consultant at national and international levels. Swanson was inducted as a fellow in the American Academy of Nursing and received Distinguished Alumni Award from the University of Rhode Island.Swanson utilize various theoretical sources while developing her theory. During her doctoral studies, she was influenced by other nurses and their the ories related to caring. She took Dr. Jacqueline Fawcetts course on the conceptual basis of nursing practice as a masters prepared nurse, not only made her better at understanding the differences between the goals of nursing and other health disciplines, but also made her realize that caring for others as they go with conduct transitions of health, unhealthiness, healing, and dying was congruent with her personal values. (Swanson 1991)Dr.Fawcett developed the Language of Nursing and Metatheory she displayed a distinctive role in caring for others and the importance of altruistic caring for the persons well-being. (Fawcett, 1989) Dr. Jean Watson was also a mentor during her doctoral studies. Dr. Watson is known for her Theory of Human Caring. Even with the close relationship, they had, neither has ever seen Swansons program of research as an application of Watsons theory of human caring. They do agree that compatibility of finding on caring in their individual programs add credita bility to their individual programs of research.Swanson acknowledges Dr. Kathryn E. Barnard for encouraging her to make the transaction from interpretive to contemporary empiricist paradigm to convey what she learned and postulated about caring through several phenomenological investigations to direct incumbrance research and hopefully clinical practice with women who had miscarriages. (Alligood &Tomey, 2010) Dr. Barnard is recognized for her Parent sister Interaction Model. She encouraged Swanson to test her theory through randomized controlled trials.Swansons theory of caring is a nursing set of processes that are formed from the nurses own principles and his or her interaction with the patient, with five fundamental processes of knowing, being with, doing for, enabling, and maintain belief. Her theory was formed from ternary descriptive phenomenological studies from perinatal nursing. The five processes that divine service explain the concept of this theory has subcategories . The theory has four phenomena of concern nursing, person, health and environment. Theory concepts of nursing are informed caring for the well-being of others. Beatty, 1984) Person in theory concept is unique beings who are becoming and whose wholeness is manifested in vox populis, feelings, and behaviors. Health in theory is related to having meaning filled experience with wholeness. surround is any situation that is influenced by the client or influences the client. Knowing is the first process of caring. Knowing is striving to understand the meaning of the event in the life of the other, avoiding assumptions, focusing on the person cared for, seeking clues, assessing thoroughly, and engaging both the one caring and the one cared for in the process of knowing. Swanson 1991) The second caring concept, being with emotionally present to the other. It involves simply being there, conveying ongoing availability and sharing feelings whether joyful or painful. Monitor so that the one c aring does not ultimately burden the one cared for. The third concept is doing for others what would do for the self at all possible, including anticipating needs comforting, performing skillfully and unconditionally, and protecting the one cared for while preserving his or her dignity (Swanson, 1993) Enabling is the fourth concept.It is facilitating the others passage through life transitions and unfamiliar events by focusing on the event, informing, exploring, supporting, validating feelings, generating alternatives, thinking through, and giving feedback (Swanson, 1991) The utmost concept is maintaining belief. Sustaining faith in the others capacity to get through an event or transition and face a future with meaning, believing in others capacity and holding him or her in high esteem, maintaining a hope filled attitude, offering realistic optimism, helping to find meaning and standing by the one cared for no matter what the situation is. Swanson, 1993) Her later work introduced Informed Caring, aimed to provide structure for relating the five caring processes and describes assumptions about the four main phenomena of concern to nursing. (Swanson, 1998) An assumption of nursing is informed caring for the well-being of others. Providers must be informed and regarding common responses to health concerns. The nurse will increase care apt(p) based on her experiences. Included is evidenced based practices, compassion, understanding of other structure of caring, and understanding of the nursing profession.Along with this assumption, the nurse whitethorn be affected by Benners Novice to Expert Theory. Persons are defined as unique beings who are in the midst of becoming and whose wholeness is made manifest in thoughts, feelings and behaviors. (Benner, 1984) Each individual experiences are molded by environment. Spiritual endowment connects each being to an external and universal source of goodness, mystery, life creativity, serenity and necessitous will to choo se a range of possibilities. Each person does have equal choices.Nurses are mandated to take on leadership roles in fighting for human rights, equal access to health care and other humanitarian causes. (Hanson, 2004) Health and well-being is a complex process of curing and healing that overwhelms releasing inward pain, establishing new meaning, restoring integration, and emerging into a sense of renewed wholeness. (Swanson, 1993) Bonds are created, free expression of spirituality, thoughts, feelings, intelligence and creativity. The well-being of health is negatively affected by actions of individuals upon the other that inhibit expression of wholeness.Environment is situational. Any context that influences or is influenced by the designated client informed. (Swanson, 1993) Any forces that exert influence upon or are influenced by the patient. (Hanson, 2004) Forces could come from cultural, economic, political, spiritual, social, physiological realms. Any disturbance or change in the environment or realms will affect the wholeness of the other. gibe to Swanson (1993), the terms environment and person in nursing may be viewed interchangeable, therefore, what is considered an environment in one situation may be considered a client in another situation.Internal paygrade of the theory consists of clarity, adequacy, consistency logical development, and level of theory development. Clarity of the caring theory is straight forward and easy to interpret. Swansons definition of the environments clearly describes her thought process of how the environment and patient are interchangeable. Adequacy adequately addresses each process with thorough descriptions that bring the theory together as a whole. It recognizes nursing values and missions and uses prior theories and research as the basis for its formation.It is clear descriptions of its process allow it to be easily apply to practice. Consistency within the theory focus, definition and interpretation of relationsh ips remain consistent throughout the description of the theory. Logical development is describe as the formation of caring as an interaction process. It acknowledges the processes that affect each level of the interpersonal relationship between client and environment. Swanson included previous research and knowledge of caring, but later individualized her theory with empirical evidence that her processes can be used to form a healing environment.Level of theory development is displayed of components of a middle range theory including empirical testing applicable to direct practice, based on a specific phenomenon and narrower in scope because it focusses on the five processes of caring and their interaction, rather that focus on both the medical and psychosocial aspects of nursing. (Peterson & Bredow, 2009) External evaluation of the Theory of Caring include, complexity, discrimination, reality convergence, pragmatic, scope, significance, and utility. Complexity is easily understood with the simple definitions of the four concepts and five processes.Discrimination is not unique to the nursing field. there are many other theories based on caring. The theory does not have a precise boundary as it can be applied to many situations of nursing as well as outside the nursing practice itself. Reality convergences represent the real worlds of nursing and are true. The concepts and processes are described thoroughly enough to be understood by any professional. This allows the theory to be applied to a broad spectrum of human interaction meant to be caring. pragmatic sanction can be operationalized in real life aspect which is seen in Swansons empirical testing.Scope is met by Swanson of a middle range theory by having the processes narrowly described for individual situations however it is broad enough to be applied to caring interactions that range from nursing to other professions. The components can be testes but remain concrete to be repeatedly applied to differe nt practice setting. Significance of the caring theory is truly substantial to the nursing profession. It has recognized and nonionised key values of caring that will help to provide improved client to nurse interactions.The theory clearly describes the importance of recognizing the situational environment, and the influence of a nurses interactions on the health and potential outcome of a patient. Utility is a clear with definition and descriptions and has allowed Swanson to continue to have her theory tested for supercharge research. Each process stands on its own, but some also help to build and define the others. Knowing, being with, doing for, and enabling work together to have the path filled with meaning will be chosen and thereby meet the goal of maintaining belief. Limitation in theory was to show relationship between five processes.She recognized the limitations and worked to link all five processes in to Nursing in Informed Caring for well-being of others. Swansons theo ry is congruent with Benners theory of Helping Role of Nursing and Watsons Carative Factors. There is cross validation and rationale for perception. The University of North Carolina hospital has operationalized Swansons Caring theory. Swansons Theory has led to research based practicing. The initial investigation that launched this program of clinical research was a phenomenological pilot study of five women who had miscarried within fourteen weeks of participating in the study.The research questions were What is the meaning of miscarriage to the woman who has recently experienced it? Another study was a phenomenological study of twenty women who had miscarried two specific aims were (a) to describe the human experience of miscarriage and (b) to describe the meaning of caring as perceived by women who had miscarried. This research study shifted the program of research from a qualitative, interpretative draw close to a descriptive quantitative design. Kyle, 1995) Swanson was able t o develop instruments to assist in the measuring of her results. The Impact Miscarriage Scale was delivered from her research. (Swanson, 1999) The scale was developed in three phases, it was repeated, measures, and randomized. This scale measures significant aspects of suffering from a miscarriage. She developed an Emotional Strength Scale that measures the extent of how individuals view themselves emotionally and the Caring Other Scale which measures the received after miscarriage from ones significant other and others.The Caring theory postulates that nurses demonstrating they care about it is as crucial to patient well-being for them through clinical activities such as preventing infection and administration medications. ( Bulfin, 2005) ) Implemented the Carolina Care Model is one come on to actualizing caring theory across a healthcare organization by systematically incorporating interventions that link nursing actions, caring processes, and expectations. The professional prac tice model for the University of North Carolina hospital completed in 2008 grounded in caring theory.A model was developed into specific caring behaviors and incorporated them in practice. Four key behavioral characteristics of Carolina Care were developed 1) multilevel rounding, (2) words and ways that work, (3) relationship service components, (4) partnerships with support services. Hourly rounds combine elements of the caring process of being with and doing for. Scripts may have an adverse reaction, so words and ways that work. Suggests key points to include in interaction that frequently occur that are individualized conversations.These words are linked to enabling. These may be linked to the other caring process, such as being with. A moment of caring is asked to be done with each patient for 3-5 minutes to talk about how they are coping with their illness while touching the patients hand or arm. Moments like this exemplify being with, and information the patient shares may co ntribute to knowing. These links between caring processes and caring behavior suggested are grounded in a culture of maintaining belief. There are many healthcare organizations that use Swansons theory as their care model.Norton Healthcare, University of North Carolina, Childrens Hospital of Michigan, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Hudson Valley Sinai Hospital in Michigan and Meritus Healthcare in Maryland are a few that has adopted this theory into practice. A theory is an explanation and it is said that nothing is as practical as a good theory. Yet there is a persistent gap between nursing theory and practice. Theory guided practice remains and ideal versus a realized goal in most organizations. Swansons caring theory may be a notable exception in accelerating progress toward this goal.Caring theory postulates that nurses demonstrating they care about patients is as important to patients well-being as caring for them through clinical activities such as preventing infection and ad ministrating medication. By incorporating interventions that link nursing actions, caring process and expectations is an approach to actualizing caring theory. All areas of nursing should be able to incorporate the theory of caring into their daily routine with no barriers of resistance. My practice is initiated usually as an yardbird status.Our providers are called to consult any neurological concern that the admitting physician would like evaluated. We see pediatric patients and their families in the emergency room, NICU, PICU, and general pediatric floor. Some of the patients are new to their current health crisis and some are established patients of our service already. Knowing as defined in Swansons theory of caring could be implemented during our first initial visit that we center on the patient. We offer a realistic optimism that we will devote our services to properly diagnosing the patient.Taking a detailed history and searching for clues to why this admission came about a nd to determine the next step in helping the patient. Staying with the patient during this complicated and stressful initial consult can be related to Swansons being with. Nurses can take the time with our patients and explain in depth the diagnosis and testing that may need to be ordered. Many times we will spend hours with our teenage patients explaining the electroencephalogram. This age of patients can be scared of any testing and need to be told the truth on what is going to take place.Working in a childrens hospital it is a blessing that we have access to child life. These professionals are specifically trained in child development and can help with the education process with our children. We ask for their assistance to educate our patients. Many of times they have pictures or videos to show that can explain in a way a child or teenager may understand, visual and audio sometimes flora in our modern technology generation. We encourage questions and let the patient and their fa milies understand there is no burden on asking questions.Asking questions is the way our patients learn, and we want them to be educated so they are not scared. With our population, the more the patient knows, the easier the testing usually goes. Doing is applied to all our patients. When we have a seizure patient we have an abundance of education. Seizure patients need to be explained the many safety precautions. When they are being discharged from the hospital we are enabling setting up and computer programming follow up appointments at our clinic. Maintaining belief occurs as we are reassuring that if they are in need of anything before they come in to our clinic to please call and we can try to help.Many schools require a seizure action plan before students can come back in to class. This is why we try to hinderance in communication with the patients and their families before their follow up as many times they are scheduled out four months from discharge. Our patients are tran sferred to adult when they ca-ca 18 years of age, and we hear too often that the adult world is not as caring as we were in pediatrics. I do imagine that our services are being seen as a caring process. How can we enhance the theory of caring? Can the theory help us with research in the future?I believe that the theory of caring can be beneficial in care models, research and evidenced based practice. According to Johnson and Webber (2005), a model should capture central themes and theoretical relations in such a way to help guide nurses in their practice. Boykin, Smith, and Aleman (2003) believed that a model would help create a work environment for nurses that support their commitment to nurture and caring. This model would display the important values that nurses have stated to be critical in the practice of nursing. Caring is the foundation of nursing and defines the nurses professional identity. Boykin Schoenhofer, 2001) A caring-based nursing model, identified that care is a n essential value for nurses and that being able to incorporate this value into their practice increases satisfaction of the nurse and the patient. A study by Bulfin (2005), using the care concepts developed by Boykin and Schoenhofer generated a model of care to patients in a large community hospital. In the Bulfin (2005) study, the researcher asked if a visual model would enhance and support caring in nursing practices and, thus, improve the job satisfaction of the nurse and impact the level of patient satisfaction.Following the implementation of the caring model, patient satisfaction increased and more positive comments were received from the patients and families (Bulfin, 2005). The National Organization of Nurse Practitioner Faculties (NONPF) issued domains and competencies for every NP graduate that included emphasis on the nurse-patient relationship, use of healing modalities, respect of the cost and dignity of the patient, and incorporation of spiritual beliefs into the plan . These competencies describe the core abilities of NP graduates.NONPF states that these competencies are a gold standard to maintain and shape quality graduate NP programs. NONPFs emphasis on caring qualities in the NP-patient relationship is further evidence that NPs do not practice from a medical perspective but, rather, as facilitators of holistic theory and health with their patients. Theory of caring can be used to better understand how to relate to our patients. Each process slows for a nurse to formulate an intervention to better care for a patient. This is a theory for the future.Caring defines nursing and is moving to be an evidence-based profession. Swansons five caring process are first grounded in the maintenance of a belief in human kind, anchored by knowing anothers reality, conveyed by being with and enacted through doing for and enabling. When time is taken to observe and interpret nurses actions, it becomes clear that nursing practice is the result of blended under standings of the empirical, aesthetic, ethical and intuitive aspects of a given clinical situation and a nexus of maintaining belief in, knowing, being with, doing for and enabling the other. Nursing caringconsists of subtle, yet powerful, practices which are often virtually undisclosed to the casual observer, but are essential to the well-being of its recipient role. (Swanson, 1993, p. 357) Swanson gives nurses a platform to base our caring foundation on. As nurses gain experiences we build small levels on the foundation. Like building a house, we all start with the basics of the foundation that we learn in nursing school. It is up to us what we do with that foundation.Every nurse in any clinical setting can use the theory of caring daily. They may not know the five caring process by name, but they are used in every situation, with every patient, by every nurse. References Alligood. M. R. , Tomey, A. M. (2010). Nursing theorists and their work. (7th Ed. ). St. Louis Mosby. Beatty KD. Reflection on caring for a home care client using Kristen M. Swansons theory of caring. Int J Hum Caring 2004 8 6164 Benner, P. (1984). From novice to expert. Menlo Park Addison-Wesley.Boykin, A. , Schoenhofer, S. (2001). Nursing as caring. Sudbury, MA Jones Bartlett. Boykin, A. , Smith, N. , St. Jean, J. , Aleman, D. (2003). Transforming practice using a caring-based nursing model. Nursing Administration Quarterly, 27, 223-231. Bulfin, S. (2005). Nursing as caring theory Living caring in practice. Nursing Science Quarterly, 18, 313-319. Fawcett, J. (1989). Analysis and Evaluation of Conceptual Models of Nursing, second Edn. F. A. Davis, Philadelphia, PA. Hanson MD.Using data from critical care nurses to validate Swansons phenomenological derived middle range caring theory. J Theory Construction Testing 2004 8 2125 Kyle, T. (1995). The concept of caring A review of the literature. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 21, 506-514. Kavanaugh K, Moro TT, Savage T, Mehendale R. Enacting a theory of caring to recruit and retain vulnerable participants for sensitive research. Res Nurs Health 2006 29 24452. Nightingale, F. (1859). Notes on nursing What it is and what it is not.London Harrison and Sons. Peterson, S. J. , Bredow, T. S. (2009). Middle Range of Theories Application to Nursing Research (3rd ed. ). Philadelphia, PA Wolters Kluwer, Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Schoenhofer, S. , Boykin, A. (1998a). The value of caring experienced in nursing. internationalist Journal for Human Caring, 2(4), 9-15. Swanson, K. (1998). Caring made visible. Creative Nursing, 4(4), 8-12. Swanson K. Whats known about caring in nursing a literary meta-analysis. In Hinshaw AS, Feetham S, Shavers J, eds. f Clinical Nursing Research Thousand Oaks, CA Sage 199931-58. Swanson, K. M. (1991). Empirical development of a middle range theory of caring. Nurse Researcher, 40(3), 161-16 Swanson, K. M. (1993). Nursing as informed caring for the wellbeing of others. Image Journal of Nursing Sc holarship, 25, 352-357 Watson J. Caring theory as ethical guide to administrative and clinical practices. Nurse Adm Q. 2005 30(1)48-55. Watson, J. (1988). clean dimensions of human caring theory. Nursing Science Quarterly, 1(4), 175-181.

Othello’s Shakespeare Literature Essay

Stereotype in lay patchs term is often defined as predictable characters and situations or something that is not authentic, or something that is already experience. In Shakespe ar literature, stereotyping is sometimes inevitable. Some of his works, its themes and characters embody the social predicaments and situations during the time he created the masterpiece. In Othellos case, the issue of race and religion and the revelation of the dark nerve of human nature is revealed and discussed through the characters.Themes and conflicts like jealousy, race, power, religious tensions, obsession and marriage illustrated in Othello are still important and experienced today. The characters in love, the characters in constitutional emotions like obsession and jealousy and the characters who lose and win portray same emotions in reality and some other literature. The common human experience experienced by the characters of Othello, Desdemona and Iago makes this literature stereotype. However what makes stereotyping in Shakespeares literature unique and sophisticated is the creative structure of his stories and plays.The play reflects that race and culture divides the world and the large number which, in effect, influence human responses to love and emotions. Othello, who is the main character in the story, is a black man who fell in love with a clean woman, Desdemona. When Iago gave false accusations against Desdemona, Othello responded with rage, revealing his awareness that his newfound love with Desdemona was all but an illusion. Othello is obviously insecure about his identity as a black man which motivated his hatred and eventually his actions.Othellos general conclusion that a white woman and a black man are unfit to stick lovers motivated his demonic tendencies. This reflects that the controversial issues about racism manipulate our perspective towards love and relationship, which is often destructive. Like any other human beings when faced with inequality, Ot hello approached his emotions unwisely. Othellos reaction to his feelings contaminated his sense of morality and spirituality just like how other people is being contaminated by their extreme emotions. Jealousy and admire motivate evilness and passion that in the long run will create human suffering and tragedy.People often hear that human beings are naturally selfish. In love, this selfishness is often revealed. However, those people who are victims of jealousy, especially the ones who are loved, will always experience passive suffering. Love affects in this case, the way a lover responds to love will greatly affect the beloved. Love is a shared communion. The lovers choices will affect the beloveds fate. Othellos choices resulted to Desdemonas death. Here Shakespeare demonstrates the defensive nature and stereotypical image of black peopleIf Othello denied inferiority and race, Iago gave importance to power and race and status. This selfish need and penury of Iago resulted to je alousy and which eventually led to destruction. Just like any other negative emotions, Shakespeare gave a predictable outcome selfishness and jealousy leads to destruction. Stereotyping in character is in all probability used by Shakespeare to demonstrate the realities of human life and the realities of human nature. However the sophistication and language of his literature revealed his Shakespeares innate talent, artistry and creativity.

Ethical and Legal Issues in Nursing Essay

throughout a halts professional c beer, many difficult respectable and legal situations will arise. Since keeps argon given the unique privilege of caring for unhurrieds and their families, it is important to uphold certain professional standards. The American nursing Association (ANA) Code of Nursing Ethics provides a foundation on which a nurse should dispense her professional life. In concomitant to the Code of Ethics, nurses must also balance their own(prenominal) value on with legal standards to eviscerate the lift out decisions for their patients. A nurses first priority is to the patient and providing gumshoe and competent care. According to the ANA (2001), Provision 1 of the Code of Ethics states The nurse, in all professional relationships, applys with lenience and respect for the inherent dignity, worth, and uniqueness of every individual, unrestricted by considerations of social or economic status, personal attri entirelyes, or the nature of health problems. (p.1)The nurse is bound by duty to respect the wishes of the patient and family in regards to end of life decisions. In the case of Marianne, a committee is forced to help a family make a difficult decision regarding the life of a loved one. Since the patient is unable to express her wishes and had no advance directive, the nurse has an obligation to ensure that the family is informed and knowledgeable on her care. The nurse demand to reinforcer the family in the decision- do process and refer the family to other resources to assist in the decision making process. Taking an interdisciplinary approach, such as consulting with an ethics committee, is one resource that is available to the family to assist in the decision-making process. In addition to difficult end of life decisions, the Code of Ethics can be used to guide decisions in cases of malpractice. Provision 3 states, The nurse promotes, advocates for, and strives toprotect the health, safety, and rights of the patient (ANA , 2001).In other words, the Code of Ethics leads the nurse to address practice that is substandard and may jeopardize patient care. The nurse should follow policy and procedures of the installing to report such behavior, but if measures are not taken to ensure the integrity of nursing practice then the nurse may report to outside agencies, such as state departments. The nurse also has an obligation to ensure that the proper assistance or treatment is provided to assist in the impaired nurses recovery. While the Code of Ethics provides an important foundation on which to base behavior, any ethical decision involves an evaluation of ones set of personal and societal values. According to Uustal (1993).Nursing is a behavioral manifestation of the nurses value system. It is not merely a career, a job, an appointment it is a ministry (p.10).Nurses need to be aware of their beliefs so that they can recognize and accept that a patient may have different values and beliefs. The nurse needs t o interact with the patient and the family in a nonjudgmental, caring way. The nurse needs to take care not to influence the patient in making choices based on her beliefs or what she believes is right. The nurses role is to be supportive to patients and their families in actions that are congruent with the code of ethics. Some conflicts that may compromise the nurses personal beliefs may overwhelm end of life decisions, abortions or refusal of medical treatment. For example, a nurse may support pro-life decision-making but is bound to respect the patients wishes if they seek a legal abortion. Furthermore, a nurse needs to honor a patients decision to forego treatment, even if the nurse believes that that treatment represents the best option for the patient.ReferencesAmerican Nurses Association. (2001). Code of ethics for nurses with interpretive statements. Retrieved from http//www.nursingworld.org/ethics/code/protected_nwcoe303.html. Uustal, D. (1993). Clinical ethics and valuesi ssues and insights in a changing healthcare environment. Educational Resources in Healthcare, 12 (2), 10.

Challenges faced by small businesses Essay

ingathering in the exquisite and medium melodic phrase in Canada and other developed countries has been very significant. This orbit of the short letter community now represents about 40 percent of GDP and accounts more(prenominal)(prenominal) than half of total employment. straight off sm completely businesses are more diverse and more vigorous than ever, but they also faces newer and more challenges or inhibitors to their incurth than their older conter parts. This research will attempt to find the answer to the following hypothetical enquire What are the barrier to entry, inhibitors to growth, and detriments to the health of humbled business and entrepreneurship straight off? Access to capital and credit at various stages in the business life cycle is identified as the major(ip) hurdle by the entrepreneurs. For more small firms and most start-ups, the personal funds of the business owners and entrepreneur and those of relatives and acquaintances constitute as the maj or source of capital. For many small businesses, especially during the early years of their operation, credit is simply not uncommitted.For many others, the limited available credit is not through bank bestows. Due to this many of them rely on multiple credit card balances and home equity loans as major sources of credit for start-up firm. Because banks are strangulate by laws and regulations to prudent lending standards that require them a risk management assessment for each loan made. These regulations were made more vigor during the late 1980 and early 1990 . Banks always found that lending to manufacturing firm with hard asset much(prenominal) as fitty, equipment, and inventory has always been easier than lending to todays expanding service sector firms. Because the service sector firms own few hard asses, therefor lending judgment have to be based in terms of character, markets, and cashflow, which make it difficult to the bank to meet the regulations for the panegyric o f the loan. Additional, the banking industry, as wellhead as the entire financial sector of the economy, is undergoing rapid change. In the future banking industry will be divided into global, national and first-rate-regional banks and a much smaller number of community banks.It is expected of these banks primarily super regional banks and community banks will extend their services to the needs smaller business through heavy(a) loan processing centers utilizing credit-scoring techniques and intelligent models (artificial intelligence-derived computer-based models) . These will increase the standards the loan process. Therefore making the loan available for small business more scare. Globalization is a major furiousness that modified and molded the surround for small business and entrepreneurs. Even though its interms of identifying foreign markets and foreign sources of supply as grave parts of their strategies for growth and success. But it has continually deteriorating our l ocal retail small businesses with the introduction of retail giants such as Home Depot, Wal Mart and etc. Because of the stiff competition that our small businesses face from the foreign market, it puts extra pressure on them interms of efficiency, price, quality, cost-control, marketing expertise, exerciseer satisfaction and innovativeness.But because of lack of capital, credit and skill workers they are not able to equally competitive with others. Thus they become prey to the ever expanding corporate giants. For small business entrepreneurs to be successful over the next decade and beyond, and educated and trained work force must be available. Public school systems are not meeting the needs of the small business community interms of preparing new labor force entrants with such basic skills as literacy, math skills, and problem settlement skills. Those who go beyond high school education are leaving Canada and entering our neighboring rude work force and experienced and skille d workers we have now are entering 50s and 60s. The lack of proper technical education, brain drain and the aging baby boomers present yet another challenge to small business owners. Thats is to recruit skilled workers in the future. Despite all the potential that e-commerce has for the small business users, it also has many challenges too.E-commerce consists of a wide spectrum of types of business transactions. It can ungenerous anything from a simple electronic ad that generate a telephone call to the company gross sales clerk, to a complex real-time transfer of funds between buyers and sellers bank accounts . Large corporations find it hands-down to adjust to e-commerce from their traditional sales and transaction methods, while small business find they must body structure their entire operations around e-commerce. For business owners who simply want to purchase products over the web, the process is relatively straightforward. They can use credit cards to make purchases just like any other consumer. The moreover consideration that should be taken in this process is in controlling which staff members should have the warrant to use the card. But for businesses that wish to sell over the net, however, face considerably higher barriers. calculator system and software development cost can be substantial particularly in custom applications. Ensuring quick order, a must by consumers, can introduce a completely new base of operations and cost dimension to the business.Also because credit card orders are not always guaranteed valid by the banks, the seller my be 100% liable in case where consumers challenge the validity of a purchase. As a result, banks often require that e-vendors post high deposits up-front to guard against charge backs. E-commerce also require a whole new set of employee skills, which add considerably to labor costs. The extent, complexity and uncertainty associated with regulations were identified as a major inhibitors of growth for the small business. All sectors of small business faces rigid barriers for entry and approval for licenses as the result of regulations, these can be from a youth trying to secure a vendor license to bankers who see the risk associated with environmental laws as limiting their ability to make loans. It further more complicated when federal, provincial and municipal regulations overlap each other contradictory standard fashion.Regulations fall more heavily on smaller organizations than larger organization. Because large enterprises can often hire internal and external help at a reasonable price. Despite these barriers to small-firm growth, further projections indicate that small businesses and entrepreneurship would continue to grow and make major contributions interms of job creation, innovation, empowerment. But if these challenges were removed or eased to manageable standards by the proper authorities can act as a rebost to this expanding economy. Government can try to ease the smal l business owners face interms of capital and credit, by dividing the public grants evenly. Rather than just giving large chunks external to large corporation, university research and etc. Some of the regulations set by the government should be abounded or modified to be more size sensitive. Public school should incorporate skill required courses that would suit the demands of todays business world. If these suggestions were taken into consideration or if these barriers were removed the small business will try the sky with their innovativeness in the 21st century.

Common Law Essay

Chantelle woods v Department of Arts, grow and the Gaeltacht 1)The relevant information that has bearing on this representativevWhat was the previous health condition of Chantelle woods before the adventure? vWhat part of the building was she in? Where in that location any ratify to say that staff and vi baffleors argon prohibited from coming in? vWas on that point any caution sign bug outd on the locomote case?vWhat type of foot tolerate was she erupting when the contingency occurred? vHas anyone ever fell from the step case before?vWas she carrying anything while climbing the steps?vDid she utilize the ray that was provided on the steps?From the investigation I had done in regard to the accident Mrs Wood had at the fundament of cut back during her lunch break, I was able-bodied to get the answers to the question listed in a higher indue which had bearing on this case. Mrs Woods is suffering from short sightedness which means that she had to wear her glasses at a ll times. The picture of Mrs Woods that was replayed form the CCTV camera show that she was walking on the steps when the accident occurred without her glasses. The spot where the accident occurs was non appropriate place provided for staffs to have their break, although the al-Qaeda was ludicrous and at that place was no caution sign to indicate that it was a wet floor.She had proper chosen to go there in order to have a quite place to chat with her fri finish on the phone. It is very patent that the kind of shoes Mrs Wood had on idler geniuss to a fall even when the floor is dry, as the hill was about seven inches high. This is neither easy to walk with nor climbing the steps with. Despite that the floor was wet, there was no report that anyone had fell from that steps on that particular day expect Mrs Woods. I to a fault get to at a lower placestand that Mrs Wood was struggling with a heave file with one on hand, talking on the phone and climbing the steps at the identic al time. The ray provided was non used by Mrs Woods because she had her hands engaged with stuff. Examine this situation there is a huge possibilities that an accident can occurs. disuse2)Negligence What is?Negligence can be defined as the failure to act conjectural in any occurrence to avoid causing damage or injury which is predictable. (www.wikipedia.com-0) accessed 5/12/12 In other words it simply means harm caused by inadvertence but not well-read.Donoghue v Stevenson. This law of negligence was established in the case.A man bought a bottle of ginger beer form a shop. The man gave the beer to his friend who drank it and found slug at the back end of the bottle. As a direct of what he saw, he had a shock and severe gastroenteritis. She likewisek a intelligent body process against the manufacturer.The JudgeAnalyse the rulers of negligence that the manufacturer of a product owed a business of share to the end user of their product. If they failed to exercise a fair( a) tariff of care in all circumstance and a psyche suffers mischief or damage as a result of their negligence, therefore they make themselves apt(p) for the persons freeing to a lower place negligence. (Davenport, 2008)Before any case can succeed chthonian negligence the following element must be establishedElement of NegligencevDuty of CareIs a good obligation on the individual ensuring that they adhere to a standard of rational care when performing an acts they could foreseeable harm other. Everyone owes a middling duty of care to avoid foreseeable things that would identically injure or harm their neighbour. The word neighbour is the people closer that can be directly affected by our action. The manufacturer of a product owes a duty of care to the end users of their product. An employer owes a reasonable duty of care to their employee by providing a safe place for them to work.The case of Ryan v Ireland 1989Explain the extent the employer owes their employees a duty of care to their employees. The plaintiff was a spend who was working under the supervision of the Superior officer in a conflict situation. So many people incapacitated their lives at that particular spot where he was charge, as a result of gunshot. This do the entire s gagaier on guard to abandon their duty in order to save their lives. But subsequently round days the gun fires cease and the knowledge domain was declare safe. The superior officer ordered the plaintiff to present back to their normal position. The plaintiff was shot at that particular immediately afterwards his resumption this lead to his harm.The Supreme CourtHeld that the state as an employer had failed to take reasonable care of his servant, the Officer owes the plaintiff a duty of care, although the work of s overageiers involves unavoidable risk of death and injury. A reasonable man can foreseeable that there is a opening of gunfire at that spot where the plaintiff got injured as so many people had los t their lives there before. The superior officer who sent an employee under his care to that same spot where killing are taking place did not act reasonable in in any case therefore the Supreme Court ruled that the state was liable for the plaintiff disablement. (Brian Doolan, 8th edition, 2011)The department of Arts, close and the Gaeltacht owes a duty of care Mrs Woods which is to provide a safe place for her to a work as an employee. If the work of a soldier that involves unavoidable risk of death and injury, yet the employer was held liable for the disablement of a plaintiff that got himself involves in such job, Therefore the department of Arts, Culture and the Gaeltacht should be held liable because it is unpredictable that Mrs Woods can lost her enjoyment of life due to the nature of her job. It is very obvious that the vinyl surface of the stairs was notoriously slippy. A reasonable employer can foresee the possibility of anyone e specificly a female wearing hill can had a fall due to the situation of the landing. It is the duty of the employer to attend that there are cleaners on duty during the working hours to keep the environment clean and save.vBreach of the duty of careIs the failure to act reasonable or protect someone who a person owed a duty of care from the been affected negatively by our action. In this case of Mrs Woods versus Department of Arts, Culture and the Gaeltacht, prove that there was a breach in duty of care. It is the duty of an employer to provide safe place for the employees to work. During the working hours cleaners and security were supposed to be on duty to tidy up the environment, or indicate that particular spot by placing a caution sign to say that the floor was wet. charge if Mrs Woods was talking on the phone while walking on the land, seeing the caution sign would have make her to take proper care of her steps. In this circumstance, failure to indicate that particular place was not safe to work is the breach in t he duty of care.vcausationThis is principle that proves the link amid the suspect negligence and the claimant or plaintiff way out or damages. It simply means that if the breach in the duty of care owed to whoever is due for their damage that they are suffering from. The Egg-shell skull ruleThis principle states that the defendant should take their victim as they found them. (Ursula Connolly, 2005). Anyone who causes damage to another person must pay for whatever injury the person is suffering from. It does not matter if the injury is worse than what another person would have expected.In the case of Vosburg v PutneyIn United State, 11 years old male child kicked 14 years old boy, who already had an unknown microbial in the shin while at school. The microbial can easily be irritated by kick. As a result of the kick the 14 years old lost the use of his leg. The court ruled that the kick was unlawful therefore the 11 years boy was held liable (www.wikipedia .com) accessed on the 17/12/2011.Although Mrs Wood already has an existing spine problem, she was still able to do her normal job without any complain. It was just a minor problem for her because it did not smash her from doing anything. As a result of the accident she had during her lunch break made her minor injury worse and inability to return to her normal job. As we all know working with computer involve sit down over a period of time depend on the nature of the job. There is the possibility that Mrs Wood would not be able to do any job that as to do with academic session down over a period of time, due to the nature of the injury which occur at the her place of work. Falling from 10 to 12 steps and landing a head at the bottom could result to a upcoming injury. Therefore the employer should be held liable for her injury according to the egg shell skull rule which says that our victim should be taking as we found them.The type of the injuryThere are twain types of injuries that are recognised in law, which are as follow.vSpecial injuryThese are the injury that are quantitative in nature, example loss of hearing, hospital bill etc.vGeneral injuryThey are less quantifiable in nature but more subjective. Example includes pain, loss of amenity and enjoyment of life and future health problem etc. I would classified Mrs Woods injury as an injury under general damages, because she is suffering from pain, inability to do the job where she earn her living and there is also a possibility that she will have a future spinal cord problem as a result of the accident she had at the place of work.Although the accident Mrs. woods had at her place of work, was not intentional or deliberate act, but she contributed to it.Contributory negligenceThis is the situation whereby the Plaintiff contributed or failed to act reasonable to secure her own safety.From my own personal investigation, Mrs. Woods contributed to the accident in so many ways, like chatting on the phone with her friend while c limbing the steps. It is very obvious that all her attention were on the phone rather down the concentrating on the steps she was climbing. Despite that the floor was wet there are other evidence to prove that accident would had occur due to the negligence of Mrs Woods failure to wear her glasses, walking with 6 inches high heel etc. How could she be able to identified the spot that was wet without wearing her glasses when she suffering from short sightedness. Again the 6 inches high heel she had on was too high to be worn on a working environment.Badger v. The minister of defence EWCH 2005A widow took a legal action against the minister of defence on behalf of her dead husband, who was a smoker. He was employed as a boiler maker in the department. During the course of his employment, he was exposed to asbestos ashes and fibre which made him to be a patient of lung cancer that leads to his untimely death. The medical evidence turn out that his continuous smoking habit contributed the lungs cancer that lead to his premature death.Justice Stanley BrownRefers to section 1 (1) of the law Reform (contributory negligence) act 1954 A person that suffers damages, partly from his own shift or the fault of another person excluding the defendant, shall receive reduced recoverable damages as result of his carelessness as required by law. Therefore Mrs. Badger claim was reduced by 25 percent.Therefore there shall be a reduction on the claim of Mrs. Woods as she had failed to exercise a reasonable care for her safety.The terminus ad quem PeriodThis is the period of time in which an individual or organisation are condition the opportunity to sue for the tort that occurs. Within this period, anyone that which to make a claim for what he/she suffers has a result of the behaviour of the defendant, has the right to do so within the period of time but after this time limit the case is said to be statue barred as the right to make a claim has been ceased. In the case of Mrs Wo ods v the department of Arts, Culture and the Gaeltacht, The case was within the limitation period, as the accident occurred in February and in August the year she took a legal action against her employer. She made this claim under personal injury and the limitation period for such cases is two years. Her claim is not statue barred because it was within a year.Case twoMr. Cuddy a vendee who took a proceedings action under negligent mis-statement against Wood ships bell Camp about the property he purchased which was incorrectly compute by Woods Bell Camps employee.Negligence Mis StatementWhat is Negligent Mis-statement?Negligent mis-statement is the original of fact, carelessly made which is not on the favour of the claimant. It can also be refers to as away statement that is supplied by a trustworthy person to another who relies and act according to the information he had current. Statement like this are always disadvantages on the side of the claimant.Some of the disadvantages can be loss of income, enjoyment of life etc. For a person to be liable under negligent misstatement, the special kind must be established. Special relationship is the trust or the relationship that exit between the maker and the recipient of the statement. The maker should be aware that the recipient relies and acts based on the information received from him/her. It is the duty of the maker of the statement to correspond that the information supplied is correct in order not to be liable for it. This special relationship was established in the case ofDavid Walsh v. Jones Lang Lasalle Ltd 2007 IEHC 28.The Plaintiff claims for damages for compensation for the loss and damages he had sustained as a result of negligent and negligent misstatement from the defendant. The plaintiff purchased a property from a well known firm of auctioneer retained by the owner of the property. The plaintiff was given 23,057 square feet, as the total bar of the floor. He did not to contact a personal s urveyor to measure the floor area in order to confirm if the mensuration supplied by the defendant were accurate. He purchased the property for 2, 34200 Irish pounds. The purchaser later find out t at the floor area was 1,817 square feet less than was given to him by the defendant. He took a legal action against defendant under negligent misstatement.Judge QuirkeDeals with this issue saying that the defendants failed to exercise requisite and approach standard of care which a purchaser is entitle to expect from a reputable auctioneer. Therefore is a breach in the duty of care.Walsh v Jones Lasalle ltd case is quite similar to Cuddy v Wood Bell Camp.The plaintiff Mr Cuddy did not fully relies on the information given to him by Wood Bell Camp because he contacted a property surveyor to examined the property before he made up his mind to purchase the property. He made a loss on that property because the floor measurement is 30% lesser that what he was given to him by the auctioneers. Woods Bell Camp is liable of negligent misstatement by supplying an inaccurate calculation. In the case of Walsh v Jones Lasalle, the high court ruled that most auctioneers had some of form of disclaimer on their brochure Judge Quirke explained that the disclaimer comprises of an effort to protect the agent form relatively minor errors. He said that he would expect their measurement to accurate which the purchaser can rely upon. In this conniption of it, Wood Bell Camp has failed for their inaccurate measurement and the purchaser who relied on upon them had made a loss on his purchase.Judge QuirkeIf the defendant wished to reserve to itself the right to publish within its sales brochure, on the nose measurements which were in fact grossly inaccurate and, to relieved itself of liability to the category of persons to whom the brochure and its contents were directed, then there was an obligation upon the defendant to draw to the attention of the plaintiff and other prospective purcha sers the fact that the seemingly precise measurements published were likely to be wholly unreliable and should not be relied upon in any circumstances. settle with themselves as to the correctness of the information given the defendant failed to discharge that obligation. (Walsh v Jones Lasalle ltd)Since woods Bell Camps had also failed to information the purchaser not rely on their measurement, they should also be held liable for the loss of the purchaser according to Judge Quirke in Walsh v Jones Lasalle Ltd case.Vicarious LiabilityVicarious liability is a legal principle that transfers liability of an injury to a person who did not cause the injury, but who has specific relationship to a person who acted negligently. The owner of a vehicle is liable for the tort committed by his driver, an employer is held liable for his employees negligent act, while at work under the course of employment (this is during the working hour when an employer delegate an employee to specific task) any tort committed by the employees while doing the task is known as a tort committed during the course of employment. There is a special relationship that exists between the employer and the employee. Therefore Wood Bell Camp should be held liable under vicarious liability act for the tort committed by the Brody Shine, because he was employed by the company, who assigned him to sell the property purchased by Mr Cuddy.Defence take to and contributory negligenceConsent refers to the provision of approval or disapproval, regarding a specific issue after much consideration, this is very important because it render contact lawfully. Although Wood Bell Camp was aware that Mr Cuddy has assigned a property surveyor to examined the property, but they were not aware that the surveyor were only relying on their own measurement preferably of taking his own personal measurement of the property. Mr Cuddy also contributed to his own loss by failing to procure that the property surveyor he had a ssigned to take the measurement of the property and compared it to the one supplied by Wood Bell Camp before purchasing the property.the court ruled that the duty of care of which the plaintiff owes was to ensure that the measurement of the property which the defendant published of the sales brochure was is accurate before purchasing the property. (In the case of Walsh v Jones lasalle ltd)Although David Walsh did not contacted a property surveyor to examine the property before he purchased it, Mr Cuddy did but only failed to ensure that the measurement are accurate this made him contributed to his own loss. If had he done his own measurement and find it to the awareness of Wood Bell Camp, I am sure the price would have been reduced for him to courting the correct measurement. Another auctioneer would have been assigned by the company to retake the floor measurement and compared it to what Mr Cuddy property surveyor had provided.BibliographyBrian, Doolan (2011) Principle of Irish L aw, Dublin, lamella and Macmillian Davenport, Ruth (2008) make that grade fundamentals of Irish law, Dublin, Gill and Macmillian Ursula, Connolly (2009) Round Hall nutshells Tort, Dublin, Thomson ReutersElectronic Sourcewww.bailii.org.www.courtservice.ie-0 http//www.wikipedia.com